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Niger Delta Research Digest

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A journal of the Institute for Niger Delta Studies (INDS)

Niger Delta University, Nigeria.
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Spartial Variability of Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Kolo Creek and Geochemical Factors That Influence Their Interactions

Pages 9-20
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17319611
Keywords: Kolo Creek Geo-accumulation index heavy metals environmental pollutants pollution load index

Abstract

Heavy metals have been used as indicator of pollution because of their high toxicity to human and aquatic life They are commonly known as environmental pollutants particularly since their occurrence not only originate from natural factors such as the weathering of soils and rocks, but also anthropogenic input such as industrial waste, agricultural and mining activities. Metal Ions are inorganic elements that are either essential nutrient to living organisms at micro (trace) levels or very toxic and poisonous in relatively higher concentration. They are biologically non degradable and easily assimilated and bio-accumulated in the protoplasm of aquatic organisms. In the Niger Delta region, research projects have been carried out on some of the important Rivers, Creeks, Streams and lakes, and it has been observed that most of the water quality is gradually deteriorating due to unmanned crude oil explorations and exploitations, industrial discharge. This study therefore assessed the spatial variability of heavy metals concentration of the surface water and sediment of the Kolo Creek area of Nigeria by means of Geo-Accumulation Index (Lgeo) and Pollution Load Index (PLi). Kolo Creek is an area that is exposed to oil exploration activities, water disposal and receives effluents from industrial activities including artisanal refineries and a gas flaring station yet serving as a major water source for drinking, bathing, fishing, washing and recreation. The study reveals that Iron concentrations in this study were above the recommended permissible limits of 0.3mg/L by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (2007) and WHO (2011). This is an indication of highly contaminated surface water to extremely contaminated sediment in the Kolo Creek area. This study can be considered the first attempt to evaluate the heavy metals pollution in sediments and surface water of Kolo Creek using Geo-Accumulation Index (Lgeos) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) to determine toxicity levels.

How to Cite

Harvard Style

1ndiwari,, A.W.E.E.L. & Ebuete, I.Y. (2017), "Spartial Variability of Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Kolo Creek and Geochemical Factors That Influence Their Interactions", in Niger Delta Research Digest Vol. 12, No. 2, pp9-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17319611.

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